Instructor Preparation - Online Blended Part 1
Course Content
- Instructor preparation and update course introduction
- FAW Blended Part One Introduction and Regulations
- The Human Body
- First Aid the Initial Steps
- Asking permission and consent to help
- Calling the Emergency Services
- What3Words - location app
- Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive
- Scene Safety
- Chain of Survival
- DR ABC and the ABCD'S
- Using gloves
- How to use face shields
- Hand Washing
- Waterless hand gels
- Initial Assessment and Recovery Position
- BSi First Aid Kit
- Cardiac Arrest and Heart Conditions
- Adult CPR Introduction
- Heart Attack
- Heart Attack Position
- Aspirin and the Aspod
- Respiration and Breathing
- Pulse Points
- When to call for assistance
- Adult CPR
- Effective CPR
- Improving breaths
- Compressions Only CPR
- CPR Hand Over
- Seizures and Cardiac Arrest
- Drowning
- AED Introduction
- Using an AED - brief overview and demonstration
- Choking Management
- Bleeding Control
- Catastrophic Bleeding
- Why is this Training Now Required?
- Prioritising first aid
- Bleeding assessment
- Blood Loss - A Practical Demonstration
- Hemostatic Dressing or Tourniquet?
- Tourniquets and Where to Use Them
- Types of Tourniquets
- Improvised Tourniquets
- When Tourniquets Don't Work - Applying a Second
- Hemostatic Dressings
- Packing a Wound with Celox Z Fold Hemostatic Dressing
- The Woundclot range
- How Does Woundclot Work
- Woundclot features
- Woundclot and direct pressure
- Packing a wound with Woundclot
- Woundclot and knife crime injuries
- Woundclot and large areas
- Shock and Spinal Injury
- Injuries
- Secondary Care Introduction
- Injury Assessment
- Strains and Sprains and the RICE procedure
- Adult fractures
- Splints
- Dislocated Shoulders and Joints
- Types of head injury and consciousness
- Eye Injuries
- Foreign object in the eye
- Burns and burn kits
- Treating a burn
- Blister Care
- Electrical Injuries
- Abdominal Injuries
- Chest Injuries
- Heat emergencies
- Cold emergencies
- Dental Injuries
- Bites and stings
- Treating Snake Bites
- Splinters
- Illness
- Introduction to Paediatric and Adult First Aid
- Paediatric CPR and Choking
- Specific Paediatric Conditions
- How to use an AED
- Extra Subjects to allow you to teach specialist courses
- Teaching Equipment
- Summary
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Now what's happened is this child's been playing on a sports pitch, had sudden cardiac arrest. We've been doing CPR. Remember, we're doing five breaths to start with and then we're doing 30 compressions, two breaths, 30 compressions for standard first aid. Once the AED unit arrives you may need to do some things with it, 'because often AED units... And this day I'm here, we're at a school, it may well be the AED unit is configured already for a child. But when we open up this unit, it's standard, got adult pads inside it. What we need to do is you need to remove these pads and then get out the child pads. The child pads, you can identify child pads because they'll always say on it here is a pediatric pad. It'll also show pictures of exactly where the pads are going. The actual plugs are the same. It just plugs straight into the unit. And also, the unit will tell you that we're putting pediatric pads in there. But with a child, we're putting it front and back, so ones at the front of the chest and one onto the back in the same position. The reason we're doing this is 'because we're getting better shock across the heart that way. What we need to do with the pads is open them up. When you've opened them, you can see the actual pictures of exactly where the pads are going to go. With these pads, you've got a little red tab here and there's a piece of cardboard on the back. We need to peel them away from the liner, so we're just pulling it away. We're placing it just on the chest, just slightly over so it's over where the heart is. We're just popping it straight onto here. With the other pad, it comes off in the same way. And this is going in the centre of the back, so we're going to have to turn him over. With this pad just make sure there's nothing in the way. We're placing it between the shoulder blades on his back. Push it firmly there, and then we can roll him back over. Now we've got the pad on the front and on the back. Next thing we need to do is to activate the unit. Plug in cable. Stay calm. In this scenario, pads are on. The plug's gone in. It said that the pediatric pads have been added, so we know that we're dealing with the pediatric pads rather than adult pads. What's happening inside the unit, with this one, is it's changing to a pediatric algorithm rather than an adult algorithm. Other brands of defibrillator and pads may well have a resistor through. What's happening here is the actual pads themselves put it into paediatric mode. Now a standard AED unit that you may well see in shopping centres and things like that may not even have pediatric pads in it, but we do need to give the child a shock. In those instances, we would use the adult pads. If you haven't got pediatric pads you're going to have to use adult ones. This scenario here, it's plugged in. What's then going to happen, it's going to go through an analyzing phase. It's analyzing the heart rhythm to find out whether it's a shockable rhythm. If it's a normal heart rhythm that's beating, it will say, "No shock advised." If the heart is flat-lined then it's, "No shock advised." It's only if it's in VF. Often with children, it will remain as non-shock-able, because often, as we said earlier, it can be a respiratory problem rather than a cardiac problem. Deaths do happen with children and they do go into cardiac arrest. And having AED units available in schools and other play centres where children are going to be is very, very important. If you've got an AED available then you would use it. They would talk you through everything and they'll guide you through exactly what to do. If you haven't got an AED available, then you need to find out if there is one. It may be that you've just turned up at a school and you don't know whether they've got an AED there or not. In which case ask or get somebody to go to reception to find out. If not, you're going to have to wait till the paramedics arrive, so we would in that instance just carry on with the CPR. Keep going with the CPR until the emergency services arrive. If the unit does say a shock is advised, then what we need to do is you need to make sure that nobody is anywhere near. The last thing you want to do is to be delivering a shock through the child, and then someone touching them or causing any problems. Not only would that interfere with the analyzing cycle, it could also pass the shock through them. So when we're dealing with this you need to put your hand over, and most of the units will tell you to push the flashing button, or direct you to where you need to go and there'll be some kind of flashing light on it. So hold your finger over the button so you're ready and then make sure that there's nobody else around you. Tell everyone to stand clear, you're delivering a shock. Then once you've done that, to deliver the shock onto the child, is then just to push the button. So once you've delivered the shock, then the unit will tell you what to do next. And the way the unit is configured it will tell you to continue CPR. So you'll then do another 2 minutes of CPR and then it will go into an analysing cycle again, and it will analyse the heartbeat and at that point it will tell you "Do not touch patient, analysing". It will analyse the heartbeat and if it is a shockable rhythm it will tell you to deliver another shock, or it might now say "No shock advised". Now that doesn't necessarily mean that you're wasting your time and it's all over because "no shock advised" can mean the child has got a normal heart rhythm or it's just a non-shockable rhythm and for that we need the paramedics to come and do their thing to actually revive the child.
Administering AED to Children: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction to AED in Pediatric Emergencies
Understanding the nuances of administering AED (Automatic External Defibrillator) to children is critical. This guide provides essential information on effective AED use for children in cardiac arrest situations.
The Chain of Survival
The AED forms the third link in the chain of survival and, with appropriate training, can be operated by a first aider. AEDs are often accessible in public spaces like airports and are also provided by emergency medical services (EMS) and community responders.
Applying AED to Children
- Pad Placement: For children, place one pad on the chest and the other on the back between the shoulder blades.
- Removing Clothing: Ensure the child's clothing is removed for effective pad adhesion to the skin.
- Child-specific Pads: Whenever possible, use child-specific AED pads. In their absence, adult pads may be used.
Considerations for Using Adult AED Pads on Children
Adult AED pads can be used on children, but be aware that the AED may apply an adult algorithm. This could impact the efficacy of the shock delivered due to the difference in size and physiology between adults and children.
Handling Infants in Cardiac Arrest
For infants in cardiac arrest, specific infant AED pads are not available. In such cases, continue administering CPR until medical services arrive.
Conclusion
While AEDs are less often successful in pediatric cases, especially for conditions like VF (Ventricular Fibrillation), knowing how to properly use them in emergencies involving children can be life-saving. Awareness and training are key to preparing for these critical situations.
- IPOSi Unit two LO1.5 & 2.4